There is no sense of dramatic import or fate behind the events of The Hurt Locker-at least, the film does not attempt to impose one on the audience. The American films The Hurt Locker and The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel are naturalistic, despite the former taking place in a war zone.Most other shoujo romances are also theatrical. The conflicts here are interpersonal and revolve around romance rather than the physical conflicts of Rurouni Kenshin, but the characters are nonetheless larger than life and the plotlines carefully architected. The shoujo manga Hana Yori Dango is also theatrical.Most other shounen action shows (Naruto, One Piece, Dragon Ball Z, Yu Yu Hakusho) are also theatrical. Although it (for the most part) sticks to the realm of possibility, the characters, their internal struggles, and their interpersonal conflicts, are highly dramatized and expressed through epic clashes that affect the fate of an entire nation. So I've used American films as examples of naturalism, because I want to be clear that slice of life is a subset of naturalist, not an equivalent term.) (It's hard to find examples of naturalistic anime which aren't also slice of life, because, well, it's anime it's inherently unnatural. They can still have conflicts, plots, and interesting characters, but those things will all tend to be truer to life and less artificed. By contrast, naturalistic works try to tell stories which develop the way things tend to develop in real life. Theatrical works use dramatic conflicts, larger-than-life characters, architected plotlines, and other artificial manipulations of events and causality to tell a story which the audience will find interesting. You can think of all media as falling on a spectrum between theatrical and naturalistic. Like everything in literary and film criticism, this is all pretty subjective, so people will differ on whether they think an individual series qualifies as slice of life under this definition or not, but the concepts should be pretty universal. Toshinou-san's answer covers the general sense of the term very well, so in this answer, I'm going to try and fit it more into a critical framework, which can be helpful for understanding whether a given individual work is slice of life. This term actually originates outside of anime, but it's rather common for anime to have slice of life elements, so it's a common term in the anime fandom.
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